What is AI (Artificial Intelligence )? and its characteristics

Definition : Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer program or a machine to think and learn. It is also a field of study which tries to make computers "smart". They work on their own without being encoded with commands. Types of AI : REACTIVE MACHINES: The most basic type of AI is purely reactive ,it does not store any memory of past or predict ( calculate ) future happenings. This type of AI is only applicable to specific applications and the principle is choosing the best decision among several options. examples: Deep Blue, IBM’s chess-playing supercomputer LIMITED MEMORY : this type 2 kind of AI machines are distinct from reactive machine in such a way that it can make optimum decisions based on the past information ( data ). examples: self driving cars. THEORY OF MIND: The understanding that people,creatures and objects can have thoughts or emotions which effect their own behavior. This point is the important divide