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What is the difference between a Vector and an Array. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both?

Differences between a Vector and an Array - A vector is a dynamic array, whose size can be increased, where as an array size can not be changed. - Reserve space can be given for vector, where as for arrays can not. - A vector is a class where as an array is not. - Vectors can store any type of objects, where as an array can store only homogeneous values. Advantages of Arrays: - Arrays supports efficient random access to the members. - It is easy to sort an array. - They are more appropriate for storing fixed number of elements Disadvantages of Arrays: - Elements can not be deleted - Dynamic creation of arrays is not possible - Multiple data types can not be stored Advantages of Vector: - Size of the vector can be changed - Multiple objects can be stored - Elements can be deleted from a vector Disadvantages of Vector: - A vector is an object, memory consumption is more. if any doubts or queries please comment

Demonstration of new data types using structures

What is a structure? A structure is a user defined data type in C/C++. A structure creates a data type that can be used to group items of possibly different types into a single type. How to create a structure? ‘struct’ keyword is used to create a structure. Following is an example. the below example demonstrates the creation of new data type point which can store coordinates : // A variable declaration with structure declaration. struct Point { int x, y; } p1; // The variable p1 is declared with 'Point' for using the above structure we need to use structure_name (.) member access operator followed by a member name of defined structure. int main() { // A valid initialization. member x gets value 0 and y // gets value 1. The order of declaration is followed. struct Point p1 = {0, 1}; cout<<"value of x="<<p1.x<<"value of y="<<p1.y; } if any doubts or queries please comment

How to clear cache in python

What is Caching? The process of caching enables storing of temporary data, the result of which is faster access, load times and speedier experience for the user. Deleting it makes the process to reload assets again. Why to remove cache? It is a good idea to clear your browser cache because it: prevents you from using old forms protects your personal information helps our applications run better on your computer Python code for clearing cache: ''' Clear cache files ''' import os if __name__=='__main__': outer = os.getcwd() cache = os.path.join(outer, 'cache') for f in os.listdir(cache): f = os.path.join(cache, f) os.remove(f) print("Removed {} files.".format(count)) if any doubts or queries please comment

How to create a Binary Tree Program ( Python / C / C++ )

What is a binary tree? A binary tree is categorized as an abstract data type , whose (I/O) ,(R/W) operations are handled by the user defined functions.A binary tree is a special case of a tree DS where each node except leaf nodes has two children's . for creating a binary tree we will define a class / structure node which will contain the members(left child and right child) and the value. class node: def __init__(self, value=None): self.value = value self.left_child = None self.right_child = None Now , we will write the code for inserting elements in our binary tree, we will create the function in another class containing a member which will store the address of root node and add all successive elements under the root node . def insert(self, value): if self.root == None: self.root = node(value) else: self._insert(value, self.root) def _insert(self, value, cur_node): if value ...

what are Absract Data Types ?

An abstract data type ( ADT ) is a mathematical model for data types , where a data type is defined by its behavior ( semantics ) from the point of view of a user of the data, specifically in terms of possible values, possible operations on data of this type, and the behavior of these operations. This contrasts with data structures , which are concrete representations of data, and are the point of view of an implementer, not a user. In simple words ADT can be defined as a user defined data type whose operations for read / write are defined by the programmer in the form of functions. Types of Abstract Data Types : 1) A ssociative array , map , symbol table , or dictionary is an abstract data type composed of a collection of (key, value) pairs , such that each possible key appears at most once in the collection. Operations associated with this data type allow: the...

What is AI (Artificial Intelligence )? and its characteristics

Definition : Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer program or a machine to think and learn. It is also a field of study which tries to make computers "smart". They work on their own without being encoded with commands. Types of AI : REACTIVE MACHINES: The most basic type of AI is purely reactive ,it does not store any memory of past or predict ( calculate ) future happenings. This type of AI is only applicable to specific applications and the principle is choosing the best decision among several options. examples: Deep Blue, IBM’s chess-playing supercomputer LIMITED MEMORY : this type 2 kind of AI machines are distinct from reactive machine in such a way that it can make optimum decisions based on the past information ( data ). examples: self driving cars. THEORY OF MIND: The understanding that people,creatures and objects can have thoughts or emotions which effect their own behavior. ...